Biotech Startup Grows Chickens in 3D-Printed Artificial Eggshells
A biotech company has announced a breakthrough in avian reproduction: growing chickens inside transparent, 3D-printed plastic cups instead of natural eggshells. Colossal Biosciences, based in Dallas, revealed it has developed a so-called “fully artificial egg” as part of its broader mission to resurrect extinct bird species like the dodo and the giant moa. The invention is essentially an oval-shaped printed lattice coated with a silicone-based membrane that allows oxygen to pass through, mimicking a real eggshell. Researchers transferred the contents of recently laid chicken eggs into these artificial shells, where the embryos continued developing normally.
Colossal’s chief biology officer, Andrew Pask, described watching the chicks move inside their artificial eggs as “absolutely mind blowing,” adding that it felt like growing life outside the womb. Founded in 2021, the company has raised over $800 million to use gene editing and reproductive technology for de-extinction projects, including the woolly mammoth. Pask says the egg technology could also help conserve at-risk bird species and may eventually be used to recreate the giant moa, a 12-foot-tall flightless bird from New Zealand that laid eggs larger than any living bird’s. Colossal has already produced a prototype large enough to hold a moa egg, which staff have nicknamed the “salad spinner.”
However, some scientists are pushing back against Colossal’s claims. The company’s announcement, accompanied by a dramatic YouTube video, asserted it had solved the “impossible question of which came first, the chicken or the egg.” Critics argue this is an overstatement. Katsuya Obara of the University of Tsukuba in Japan, who hatched chickens under transparent plastic film in 2024, noted that growing birds in artificial containers dates back to at least 1998, when Japanese researchers did it with quail. Obara acknowledged that Colossal’s special membrane may allow better oxygen access, but said the technology is essentially a modification of existing methods.
Colossal has a history of antagonizing experts with exaggerated claims. Last year, the company said it had re-created the extinct dire wolf, a claim widely rejected by scientists. For now, recreating the moa remains a distant goal: researchers would need to study ancient DNA and insert thousands of genetic changes into a living bird’s genome, a technically difficult feat with or without an artificial egg. Despite the hype, the artificial eggshell represents a step forward in avian reproductive technology, even if it is not the first of its kind.